Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a myelin protein that has long been important in mouse models of demyelinating disease, causing loss or destruction of the protective sheath around nerves.

Many individuals with anti-MOG syndrome will recover fully after their first treatment and never relapse. However, some patients may experience recurrent attacks and need a long-term management plan. This may include IVIG and medication, such as azathioprine, myucophenolate mofetil, or rituximab.

MOGAD causes painful swelling, known as inflammation. Symptoms are caused by attacks from: Inflammation of the optic nerve. Called optic neuritis, this condition may lead to vision loss in one or both eyes and eye pain that gets worse with eye movement.